GERD, Acid Reflux, and Heartburn: Are They All the Same?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), acid reflux, and heartburn are terms often used interchangeably. While they are closely related, each represents distinct conditions within the spectrum of digestive health. Understanding their differences is crucial for identifying symptoms accurately and seeking effective treatment.

What Is Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, the tube connecting the mouth and stomach. This backflow, known as reflux, can irritate the lining of the oesophagus, causing discomfort. Common triggers include:

• Consuming large meals or lying down immediately after eating
• Obesity
• Certain foods and beverages, such as spicy foods, citrus, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol
• Smoking
• Pregnancy

What Is GERD?

GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a chronic and more severe form of acid reflux. Unlike occasional heartburn, GERD is diagnosed when stomach contents regularly flow back into the oesophagus, typically more than twice a week. This frequent reflux leads to bothersome symptoms and can cause inflammation of the oesophagus.

Symptoms of GERD include:

• Frequent heartburn
• Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
• Difficulty swallowing
• Chronic cough or throat irritation
• Disrupted sleep due to discomfort

Why Understanding the Difference Matters

While acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD are interconnected, they are not interchangeable terms. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective management and treatment. Recognising symptoms early and consulting healthcare professionals, such as Dr Kieron Lim, can lead to better outcomes and an improved quality of life.