Living with Crohn’s Disease in Singapore

Crohn’s disease is a long-term condition that not only disrupts the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal system but also affects quality of life due to its unpredictable flare-ups. For those living with it, the condition can cause physical discomfort, emotional stress and disruptions to overall well-being.

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still affects a relatively small proportion of Singaporeans, cases have been rising steadily in recent years, especially among younger individuals

What Is Crohn’s Disease?

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes chronic inflammation of the digestive system. While it can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, it most commonly impacts the last section of the small intestine (ileum) and the colon. The inflammation in Crohn's disease is often patchy, occurring in segments with healthy, unaffected tissue in between.

The exact cause of Crohn’s disease remains unclear. However, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers and immune system factors. In people with Crohn’s disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the digestive tract, leading to inflammation, ulcers and potential complications such as scarring or bowel obstruction.

Symptoms of Crohn’s Disease

The presentation of Crohn’s disease varies among individuals, depending on the location and severity of inflammation in the digestive tract. Below are the most common symptoms:

Crohn’s Disease in Singapore

Although once considered rare, Crohn’s disease is becoming more common in Singapore. This increase may be linked to dietary shifts toward processed foods, higher stress levels and environmental factors. Most patients are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, affecting individuals in their most productive years.

Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease

Diagnosing Crohn’s disease can be complex, as its symptoms may overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or infections. Doctors use a combination of medical history, physical examinations and diagnostic tests to confirm the condition.

Available Treatments for Crohn’s Disease

There is no known cure for Crohn’s disease in Singapore, but it can be managed effectively with a combination of therapies. Each treatment plan is tailored based on the severity of the disease, as well as the patient’s overall health.

Medication

Crohn's disease is first managed with medications to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Common medications include:

• Anti-inflammatory medicines

  Used in mild cases to reduce inflammation in the intestinal lining.

• Corticosteroids

  Effective for short-term control of flare-ups to induce remission.

• Immunosuppressants

  Help calm the immune system and reduce long-term inflammation.

• Biologics

  These treatments specifically block pathways that drive inflammation and are often used in moderate to severe cases.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Lifestyle changes play a significant role in managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Key lifestyle adjustments include:

• Dietary Changes

  Avoid trigger foods, such as dairy, spicy or high-fibre foods and follow a balanced diet rich in nutrients.

• Stress Management

  Stress can worsen symptoms, so techniques like meditation, yoga or breathing exercises are recommended.

• Smoking Cessation

  Smoking exacerbates symptoms and increases complication risks. Quitting is strongly advised.

• Hydration and Rest

  Staying hydrated and ensuring adequate sleep helps combat fatigue and support recovery during flare-ups.

Surgery

When medications are insufficient or complications like bowel obstruction, fistulas or abscesses arise, surgery may be necessary. Many patients may eventually require surgery at some point to remove damaged portions of the bowel.

Procedures typically involve removing diseased portions of the intestine (resection) or repairing complications like fistulas. While surgery is not curative, it can provide long-term symptom relief and reduce reliance on medications.

Life with Crohn’s Disease

While Crohn’s disease can be challenging, many individuals lead fulfilling lives by adopting the right strategies and support. The unpredictable nature of the condition means that individuals must be prepared in managing symptoms and preventing flare-ups to maintain well-being and quality of life.

Tips for living well with Crohn’s Disease

• Stay Informed

  Knowledge about the condition empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health.

• Build a Support Network

  Connect with healthcare professionals, support groups and others living with Crohn’s disease for guidance and encouragement.

• Monitor Symptoms

  Keeping a symptom diary can help identify triggers and track the effectiveness of treatments.

• Prioritise Self-Care

  Regular medical check-ups, a balanced diet and stress management are essential components of effective disease management.

• Be Prepared

  Always have a plan for managing symptoms during travel or when away from home to reduce anxiety and stress.

Support and Resources in Singapore

Patients in Singapore can access a growing range of resources, including:

• IBD Singapore: A non-profit support group offering education, patient stories and community outreach
• HealthHub Singapore: Government-endorsed advice and guidance on managing Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a lifelong condition, but with early intervention, appropriate treatment and the right support, patients can lead full and productive lives. In Singapore, increasing awareness and access to professional care can help improve outcomes for those affected by this complex disease.

If you or someone you know is struggling with Crohn’s disease, reach out to qualified specialists like Dr Kieron Lim for guidance and assistance. By staying informed, you can manage the condition effectively and take control of your health.